Comparaison des résumés automatiques avec des résumés humains

Le discour d'Al Gore concernant les énergies renouvelables a été résumé par 6 logiciels différents et comparés à 3 résumés 'humains'. texte en entier

Il est évident que les logiciels de résumés automatiques ne font qu'extraire les phrases jugées les plus significatives. L'extraction des phrases significatives se fait à partir des mots clés; aussi la principale différence entre les logiciels tient dans la manière dont sont choisis les mots clés.

Résumés automatiques

TexLexAn Algorithme 1: (169 mots)

   

Scientists have confirmed that enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100 percent of the entire world's energy needs for a full year. Today I challenge our nation to commit to producing 100 percent of our electricity from renewable energy and truly clean carbon-free sources within 10 years. the sharp cost reductions now beginning to take place in solar, wind, and geothermal power - coupled with the recent dramatic price increases for oil and coal - have radically changed the economics of energy. I ask them to consider whether the costs of oil and coal will ever stop increasing if we keep relying on quickly depleting energy sources to feed a rapidly growing demand all around the world. When demand for oil and coal increases, their price goes up. the exploding demand for oil, especially in places like China, is overwhelming the rate of new discoveries by so much that oil prices are almost certain to continue upward over time no matter what the oil companies promise.    

   

(algorithm I is set at 0.2)

       

TexLexAn Algorithme 2: (145 mots)

   

We are in the midst of an international climate treaty process that will conclude its work before the end of the first year of the new president.To those who argue that we do not yet have the technology to accomplish these results with renewable energy: I ask them to come with me to meet the entrepreneurs who will drive this revolution. Some of our greatest accomplishments as a nation have resulted from commitments to reach a goal that fell well beyond the next election: the Marshall Plan, Social Security, the interstate highway system. If we keep going back to the same policies that have never ever worked in the past and have served only to produce the highest gasoline prices in history alongside the greatest oil company profits in history, nobody should be surprised if we get the same result over and over again.

   

(algorithm II uses cue expressions: 'introduction' 'conclusion','conclude','summary','consequence','result')

   

TexLexAn Algorithmes 1+2: (70 mots)

   

To those who argue that we do not yet have the technology to accomplish these results with renewable energy. If we keep going back to the same policies that have never ever worked in the past and have served only to produce the highest gasoline prices in history alongside the greatest oil company profits in history, nobody should be surprised if we get the same result over and over again.   

   

(algorithm I is set at 0.5  and algo II uses cue expressions: 'introduction' 'conclusion','conclude','summary','consequence','result')

   

Open Text Summarizer (Abiword with OTS plugin): (set to 2%): (110 mots)

This is the single most important policy change we can make.In order to foster international cooperation, it is also essential that the United States rejoin the global community and lead efforts to secure an international treaty at Copenhagen in December of next year that includes a cap on CO2 emissions and a global partnership that recognizes the necessity of addressing the threats of extreme poverty and disease as part of the world's agenda for solving the climate crisis.Of course the greatest obstacle to meeting the challenge of 100 percent renewable electricity in 10 years may be the deep dysfunction of our politics and our self-governing system as it exists today.

Microsoft Word (compression 4%): (144 mots)

Al Gore's Speech On Renewable Energy
Tapping just a small portion of this solar energy could provide all of the electricity America uses.Geothermal energy, similarly, is capable of providing enormous supplies of electricity for America.Today I challenge our nation to commit to producing 100 percent of our electricity from renewable energy and truly clean carbon-free sources within 10 years. Well, today, the price of oil is over $135 per barrel. When demand for oil and coal increases, their price goes up. When demand for solar cells increases, the price often comes down. Then bear witness to the people's appetite for change. Our families cannot stand 10 more years of gas price increases. When people rightly complain about higher gasoline prices, we propose to give more money to the oil companies and pretend that they're going to bring gasoline prices down.

http://search.iiit.net/~jags/summarizer : (4 required sentences) (77 mots)

Two major studies from military intelligence experts have warned our leaders about the dangerous national security implications of the climate crisis, including the possibility of hundreds of millions of climate refugees destabilizing nations around the world. Higher temperatures lead to drier vegetation that makes kindling for mega-fires of the kind that have been raging in Canada, Greece, Russia, China, South America, Australia and Africa. And enough wind power blows through the Midwest corridor every day to also meet 100 percent of US electricity demand. The power and the vibration of the giant rocket's engines shook my entire body.    

http://www.shvoong.com/summarizer/ (10% minimun possible): (345 mots)

Al Gore's Speech On Renewable Energy There are times in the history of our nation when our very way of life depends upon dispelling illusions and awakening to the challenge of a present danger.Scientists have confirmed that enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100 percent of the entire world's energy needs for a full year. But here's what's changed: the sharp cost reductions now beginning to take place in solar, wind, and geothermal power - coupled with the recent dramatic price increases for oil and coal - have radically changed the economics of energy.The price paid for the same performance came down by 50 percent every 18 months - year after year, and that's what's happened for 40 years in a row. To those who say 10 years is not enough time, I respectfully ask them to consider what the world's scientists are telling us about the risks we face if we don't act in 10 years. The leading experts predict that we have less than 10 years to make dramatic changes in our global warming pollution lest we lose our ability to ever recover from this environmental crisis. Our families cannot stand 10 more years of gas price increases. Our economy cannot stand 10 more years of sending $2 billion every 24 hours to foreign countries for oil. And our soldiers and their families cannot take another 10 years of repeated troop deployments to dangerous regions that just happen to have large oil supplies. Kennedy challenged our nation to land a man on the moon and bring him back safely in 10 years, many people doubted we could accomplish that goal.When people rightly complain about higher gasoline prices, we propose to give more money to the oil companies and pretend that they're going to bring gasoline prices down. If you want to know the truth about gasoline prices, here it is: the exploding demand for oil, especially in places like China, is overwhelming the rate of new discoveries by so much that oil prices are almost certain to continue upward over time no matter what the oil companies promise.

http://swesum.nada.kth.se (92 mots environ):   

Scientists have confirmed that enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100 percent of the entire world's energy needs for a full year.    

Today I challenge our nation to commit to producing 100 percent of our electricity from renewable energy and truly clean carbon-free sources within 10 years. Every single one of them. When people rightly complain about higher gasoline prices, we propose to give more money to the oil companies and pretend that they're going to bring gasoline prices down.

(The summarization system calculates the frequency of the key words in the text, which sentences they are present in, and where these sentences are in the text. It considers if the text is tagged with bold text tag, first paragraph tag or numerical values. All this information is compiled and used to summarize the original text.)   

Résumés 'humains'

Summary from  http://www.grist.org : (210 mots)    

In a speech in Washington, D.C., today, climate activist Al Gore called for the United States to move toward using electricity that comes exclusively from carbon-free sources within 10 years in order to stave off catastrophic climate change. "I ask you to join with me to call on every candidate, at every level, to accept this challenge," he said. "It's time for us to move beyond empty rhetoric. We need to act now." Gore said that the convergence of high oil prices, worries about energy independence, and the threat of climate crisis have created a new political environment, paving the way for ultra-ambitious energy policies that could finally break the country's addiction to fossil fuels. Gore's Alliance for Climate Protection estimates that such a conversion to clean electricity would cost up to $3 trillion over 30 years, but Gore said building a new round of conventional coal plants would also cost roughly as much. Gore's plan calls for continued reliance on nuclear power at current levels while dramatically increasing power sourced from geothermal, solar, and wind. Meanwhile, some Democrats are quietly dreading fallout from the anticipated conservative backlash to Gore's speech, fearing that a renewed emphasis on climate issues now could turn the debate over short-term energy prices in favor of Republicans.    

   

From ABC  By NITYA VENKATARAMAN July 17, 2008 at http://abcnews.go.com    

(88 mots)    

Former Vice President Al Gore challenged Americans today to make a complete shift to Earth-friendly energy sources in the next decade, saying the nation's "dangerous overreliance on carbon-based fuel" is at the core of its economic, environmental and national security problems. "I challenge our nation to commit to producing 100 percent of our electricity from renewable energy and truly clean, carbon-free sources within 10 years," Gore said, speaking from Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., where he called for a full switch to solar, wind and other renewable energy sources.    

From CNN at http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/17/gore.energy/index.html#cnnSTCOther1   

(69 mots)    

The United States should be making all of its electricity with renewable and carbon-free energy in 10 years, former Vice President Al Gore said Thursday.    

"The survival of the United States of America as we know it is at risk," Gore said.

In a speech at Washington's Constitution Hall, Gore touched on an array of the nation's current woes, saying the economic, environmental and national security crises are all related

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